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The article presents an original proposal of a network stack for an experimental wireless mesh network. The stack consists of five layers similar to those of the well-known hybrid approach by Tanenbaum. The physical layer heavily ...
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The article presents an original proposal of a network stack for an experimental wireless mesh network. The stack consists of five layers similar to those of the well-known hybrid approach by Tanenbaum. The physical layer heavily depends on used radio modules; the data link layer uses the Hamming code and the CRC-16 checksum; the network layer is based on the B.A. T.M.A.N. protocol; both transport and application layers are simplified. The paper is concluded with a set of experiments proving the proper behaviour of the entire network stack.
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Nowadays, network technologies are developing very rapidly. The growing volume of transmitted information (video, data, VoIP, etc.), the physical growth of networks, and inter-network traffic are forcing manufacturers to produce m...
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Nowadays, network technologies are developing very rapidly. The growing volume of transmitted information (video, data, VoIP, etc.), the physical growth of networks, and inter-network traffic are forcing manufacturers to produce more powerful and "smart" devices that use new methods of transferring and sorting data. Such connected smart devices (IoT) are used in intelligently controlled traffic for self-driving vehicles in Vehicle Adhoc Networks (VANET), in electricity and water in smart cities, and in-home automation in smart homes. These types of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices are used to leverage different types of network structures. Such IoT sensor devices can be deployed as a wireless sensor network (WSN) in a mesh topology. Both WSNs and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are easy to organize as well as to deploy. In this case, there are many reasons for combining these different types of networks. In particular, the detailed sensory capabilities of sensor networks may be improved by increasing bandwidth, reliability and power consumption in the mesh topology. However, there are currently only a handful of studies devoting to integrate these two different types of networks. In addition, there is no systematic review of existing interconnection methods. That is why in this article we explore the existing methods of these two networks and provide an analytical basis for their relationship. We introduce the definition of WSN and WMN and then look at some case studies. Afterward, we present several challenges and opportunities in the area of combined Wireless Mesh Sensor Network (WMSN) followed by a discussion on this interconnection through literature review and hope that this document will attract the attention of the community and inspire further research in this direction.
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Wireless telemedicine using GSM and GPRS technologies can only provide low bandwidth connections, which makes it difficult to transmit images and video. Satellite or 3G wireless transmission provides greater bandwidth, but the run...
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Wireless telemedicine using GSM and GPRS technologies can only provide low bandwidth connections, which makes it difficult to transmit images and video. Satellite or 3G wireless transmission provides greater bandwidth, but the running costs are high. Wireless networks (WLANs) appear promising, since they can supply high bandwidth at low cost. However, the WLAN technology has limitations, such as coverage. A new wireless networking technology named the wireless mesh network (WMN) overcomes some of the limitations of the WLAN. A WMN combines the characteristics of both a WLAN and ad hoc networks, thus forming an intelligent, large scale and broadband wireless network. These features are attractive for telemedicine and telecare because of the ability to provide data, voice and video communications over a large area. One successful wireless telemedicine project which uses wireless mesh technology is the Emergency Room Link (ER-LINK) in Tucson, Arizona, USA. There are three key characteristics of a WMN: self-organization, including self-management and self-healing; dynamic changes in network topology; and scalability. What we may now see is a shift from mobile communication and satellite systems for wireless telemedicine to the use of wireless networks based on mesh technology, since the latter are very attractive in terms of cost, reliability and speed.
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This paper proposes the optimization of power-efficient wireless mesh networks in outdoor and indoor environments, particularly for gas metering in Japan. We investigate the effect on total power consumption by changing the output...
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This paper proposes the optimization of power-efficient wireless mesh networks in outdoor and indoor environments, particularly for gas metering in Japan. We investigate the effect on total power consumption by changing the output power and allocated frequency band of a gas metering system. From the simulation results, we show that these changes are effective in achieving low power consumption. (c) 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) consist of dedicated nodes called mesh routers which relay the traffic generated by mesh clients over multi-hop paths. In a community WMN, all mesh routers may not be managed by an Internet Service Pr...
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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) consist of dedicated nodes called mesh routers which relay the traffic generated by mesh clients over multi-hop paths. In a community WMN, all mesh routers may not be managed by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Limited capacity of wireless channels and lack of a single trusted authority in such networks can motivate mesh routers to behave selfishly by dropping relay traffic in order to provide a higher throughput to their own users. Existing solutions for stimulating cooperation in multi-hop networks use promiscuous monitoring or exchange probe packets to detect selfish nodes and apply virtual currency mechanism to compensate the cooperating nodes. These schemes fail to operate well when applied to WMNs which have a multi-radio environment with a relatively static topology. In this paper we, propose architecture for a community WMN which can detect selfish behaviour in the network and enforce cooperation among mesh routers. The architecture adopts a decentralized detection scheme by dividing the mesh routers into manageable clusters. Monitoring agents hosted on managed mesh routers monitor the behaviour of mesh routers in their cluster by collecting periodic reports and sending them to the sink agents hosted at the mesh gateways. To make the detection more accurate we consider the quality of wireless links. We present experimental results that evaluate the performance of our scheme.
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The definition of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) has been used in the literature to connote and epitomize the ideal, ubiquitous, pervasive, and autonomic networking technology. An increasing interest has been emerging on the develo...
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The definition of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) has been used in the literature to connote and epitomize the ideal, ubiquitous, pervasive, and autonomic networking technology. An increasing interest has been emerging on the development of 802.11-based WMN testbeds to test the new ideas and approaches more realistically as opposed to relying solely on simulations. Although the developed testbeds have provided several insights to researchers for furthering the technology, there are still several issues that need to be addressed, particularly, with the approval of new standards, such as IEEE 802.1 Is, IEEE 802.1 In, and IEEE 802.16, and upcoming protocols, such as IEEE 802.11 ac, 802.11 ad, 802.11 ah, and 802.1 laf TV White Space efforts. In this paper, our goal is to provide a taxonomy and insightful guidelines for the creation of 802.11-based WMN testbeds as well as to identify several features that future WMN testbeds should possess. Utilizing these features, we evaluate the existing WMN testbeds. Finally, in addition to the existing WMN testbed experiments conducted at several layers of the protocol stack, we provide a list of open future research issues that can benefit from experiments on WMN testbeds.
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are an emerging technology that could revolutionize the way wireless network access is provided. The interconnection of access points using wireless links exhibits great potential in addressing the "l...
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are an emerging technology that could revolutionize the way wireless network access is provided. The interconnection of access points using wireless links exhibits great potential in addressing the "last mile" connectivity issue. To realize this vision, it is imperative to provide efficient resource management. Resource management encompasses a number of different issues, including routing. Although a profusion of routing mechanisms has been proposed for other wireless networks, the unique characteristics of WMNs (e.g., wireless backbone) suggest that WMNs demand a specific solution. To have a clear and precise focus on future research in WMN routing, the characteristics of WMNs that have a strong impact on routing must be identified. Then a set of criteria is defined against which the existing routing protocols from ad hoc, sensor, and WMNs can be evaluated and performance metrics identified. This will serve as the basis for deriving the key design features for routing in wireless mesh networks. Thus, this paper will help to guide and refocus future works in this area.
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The research of computer networks construction of models that reflect the current audited environment to carry out practical research is extremely difficult and often involves significant costs. Hence, the popularity of simulation...
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The research of computer networks construction of models that reflect the current audited environment to carry out practical research is extremely difficult and often involves significant costs. Hence, the popularity of simulation tools that help developers to determine as early as at the stage of the simulation whether a given solution can be deployed in a real network. However, over time many different simulation tools have been developed, each with different characteristics, different uses, different strengths and weaknesses. It is the task of the researcher then to select, before starting the actual research, one of the available simulators in accordance with the needs and adopted criteria of evaluation. In the article the authors present issues related to the simulation tools and the main advantages of simulation as well as their drawbacks. To help researchers select an appropriate simulation environment, the authors present statistical information gathered during a literature survey of a number of research articles from the most popular publishers in which the selected simulators were used in initial system design.
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained increasing attention and have emerged as a technology with great potential for a wide range of applications. WMNs can be considered as a superset of traditional mobile ad-hoc netw...
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained increasing attention and have emerged as a technology with great potential for a wide range of applications. WMNs can be considered as a superset of traditional mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), where the network is comprised of mobile client devices MESH_CLIENTs. In addition to MESH_CLIENTs, a WMN can also contain relatively static devices called mesh routers (MESH_ROUTERs). Such hybrid WMN are characterized by a high level of heterogeneity, since static MESH_ROUTERs are typically much less resource constrained than mobile MESHjCLlENTs, and are also often equipped with multiple radio interfaces. Traditional ad-hoc routing protocols do not differentiate between these types of nodes and therefore cannot achieve optimal performance in hybrid WMNs. In this paper, we propose simple extensions to the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, which aim to take advantage of the heterogeneity in hybrid WMNs by preferentially routing packets via paths consisting of high capacity MESH_ROUTERs. In addition, we implement a simple channel selection scheme that reduces interference and maximizes channel diversity in multi-radio WMNs. Our simulation results show that in hybrid WMNs, our extensions result in significant performance gains over the standard AODV protocol.
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Multiple sensor nodes are required to gather the information and exchange the information in the direction of the sink node which makes a network. The static common node (NC) deployment has been work towards the coverage of determ...
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Multiple sensor nodes are required to gather the information and exchange the information in the direction of the sink node which makes a network. The static common node (NC) deployment has been work towards the coverage of deterministic territory. At that point, the coordinates of each regular node have been determined with the assistance of geometry of coverage locale. Among those basic nodes, on the off chance that one of the nodes gets fail, at that point, the coverage hole is made. To solve this issue, a viable alternate node (NA) deployment method has been presented for supplanting the damaged node. And furthermore developed quadrant based neighbor to sink and neighbor to source (Q-(NS)~2) routing protocol for lessening the superfluous flooding of 'RREQ' message to the majority of its neighbor while route discovery. A viable comparison has been done between this other node deployment procedure and references. The performance comparison has been done between Quadrant based Direct routing protocol (Q-DIR), Angle routing protocol (ARP) and Q-(NS)~2 routing protocol. Therefore, Q-(NS)~2 routing protocol decreases the pointless flooding of 'RREQ' to the greater part of its neighbor which implies it devours less energy for data packet delivery and no redundant node in N_A deployment.
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